How to Build a Proper Latrine

One of the joys of outdoor recreation is the chance to get away from civilization, but getting away from modern conveniences means that running water, and therefore toilets, are often not around; precautions are needed to properly dispose of human waste. Appropriate sanitation is not only important to minimize health risks, but it is also considered polite to clean up after yourself.

A simple cat hole can be created with a shovel or trowel and then covered up. However, these are only meant for one-time uses. They are not adequate for larger groups of people. Many people decide to bring along portable toilets but these are only good in emergencies and have to be cleaned often.

For larger groups of people, a pit latrine is necessary. As one of the most basic forms of improved sanitation, pit latrines are easy to construct, and they can used for longer periods of time. Here are several factors to consider when building a pit latrine.

• Location – A latrine should be constructed well out of the way from food preparation sites and water sources. The rule of thumb is at least 10 feet from a kitchen and 50 feet from rivers, streams, lakes, or wells. Whenever possible, pit latrines should be located downhill from water sources, and the site should be well drained and above flood level. Plus, the pit for the latrine needs to be at least 2 meters (6 feet) above the water table and should never penetrate groundwater.
• How – The size, shape, and depth of the latrine pit is important. The walls of a circular pit are more stable, and the depth should be at least 6 feet, if not more. To keep the walls from caving in, the upper portion of the pit can be reinforced. The latrine cover is the slab with hole for waste elimination. The cover can be composed of a variety of materials. The important element is to make sure the slab is big enough for easy use but does not exceed 15 cm (6 inches) in diameter. The construction of another pit is needed when the waste reaches to 20 inches below ground level. The first pit can be covered with soil.
• Other Considerations – For continued use, the pit latrine needs to be properly maintained. After each use, it is a good idea to spread ashes on the waste to reduce odors and ward of insects. Ashes should be readily available if you maintain a campfire. There should be some way for individuals to clean their hands after use, and biodegradable wipes are always helpful. Refrain from throwing garbage into the latrine.