One of the challenges of outdoor recreation in the winter is figuring out how to dress appropriately for weather conditions. Winter weather is often unpredictable. Storms can roll in suddenly without any warning and temperatures can drop quickly. How might you dress to stay warm and be comfortable, yet adjust to the weather conditions?
The answer is to wear layers during seasons of unpredictable weather. Layering allows you to make quick modifications to your wardrobe in response to the weather as well as your activity level. For example, if you are involved in an outdoor activity and find yourself sweating you can take off your outer layer and stash it in a bag. If it starts snowing, you can easily put it back on again to keep you dry.
So how do you layer your clothing? There are three basic layers: the base layer, the middle or insulating layer, and the outer shell. Each one has a separate purpose:
- Base Layer – The base layer is the one that sits directly next to your skin. It manages moisture and helps regulate your body temperature by wicking sweat away from your body. Base layers can be made up of anything from sports bras, underwear, tights, shirts, and thermal underwear. The important point to remember when considering a base layer is to avoid cotton. Stick to synthetic materials or merino wool.
- Middle or Insulating Layer – The middle layer keeps you warm by trapping air close to your body. The best insulators are those clothing items that are made of natural fibers or fleece. Natural fibers include wool or goose down, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. Wool is reliable even when wet but goose down is best for extremely cold and dry conditions. Another option is fleece, and fleece is available in different weights: lightweight, midweight, and expedition weight. Fleece is a popular choice because it can insulate even when wet and is extremely breathable.
- Outer Shell – The outer layer is the one that protects you from the elements, keeping out the rain, wind, and snow. It is important to find an outer shell that has proper ventilation, meaning that it allows some perspiration to escape. Otherwise, the moisture will gather up on the inside of the shell. Outer shells come in all different kinds from waterproof, breathable mountaineering gear, lightweight rain jackets, soft shells, and insulated shells with built-in layers of fleece.
This layering system works for both the upper body and lower body. In addition, don’t forget other items to keep your extremities warm including hats, gloves, and socks. When it comes to hats, consider taking two outdoors with you. That way you can put on a dry one when the other gets wet. For gloves and socks, consider layering those as well. You can put a thinner, synthetic glove or sock next to your body with a heavier, thicker sock or mitten on top.